MaskFormatter (Java Platform SE 8 )
Keywords: javax.swing.text.MaskFormatter class
Date: 2015-07-19

javax.swing.text

## Class MaskFormatter

- java.lang.Object
- - javax.swing.JFormattedTextField.AbstractFormatter
  - - javax.swing.text.DefaultFormatter
    - - javax.swing.text.MaskFormatter

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Cloneable

      public class MaskFormatter
      extends DefaultFormatter

  `MaskFormatter` is used to format and edit strings. The behavior of a `MaskFormatter` is controlled by way of a String mask that specifies the valid characters that can be contained at a particular location in the `Document` model. The following characters can be specified:

  Character | Description
  --- | ---
  # | Any valid number, uses `Character.isDigit`.
  ' | Escape character, used to escape any of the special formatting characters.
  U | Any character (`Character.isLetter`). All lowercase letters are mapped to upper case.
  L | Any character (`Character.isLetter`). All upper case letters are mapped to lower case.
  A | Any character or number (`Character.isLetter` or `Character.isDigit`)
  ? | Any character (`Character.isLetter`).
  * | Anything.
  H | Any hex character (0-9, a-f or A-F).

  Typically characters correspond to one char, but in certain languages this is not the case. The mask is on a per character basis, and will thus adjust to fit as many chars as are needed.

  You can further restrict the characters that can be input by the `setInvalidCharacters` and `setValidCharacters` methods. `setInvalidCharacters` allows you to specify which characters are not legal. `setValidCharacters` allows you to specify which characters are valid. For example, the following code block is equivalent to a mask of '0xHHH' with no invalid/valid characters:

       MaskFormatter formatter = new MaskFormatter("0x***");
       formatter.setValidCharacters("0123456789abcdefABCDEF");

  When initially formatting a value if the length of the string is less than the length of the mask, two things can happen. Either the placeholder string will be used, or the placeholder character will be used. Precedence is given to the placeholder string. For example:

         MaskFormatter formatter = new MaskFormatter("###-####");
         formatter.setPlaceholderCharacter('_');
         formatter.getDisplayValue(tf, "123");

  Would result in the string '123-____'. If `setPlaceholder("555-1212")` was invoked '123-1212' would result. The placeholder String is only used on the initial format, on subsequent formats only the placeholder character will be used.

  If a `MaskFormatter` is configured to only allow valid characters (`setAllowsInvalid(false)`) literal characters will be skipped as necessary when editing. Consider a `MaskFormatter` with the mask "###-####" and current value "555-1212". Using the right arrow key to navigate through the field will result in (| indicates the position of the caret):

         |555-1212
         5|55-1212
         55|5-1212
         555-|1212
         555-1|212

  The '-' is a literal (non-editable) character, and is skipped.

  Similar behavior will result when editing. Consider inserting the string '123-45' and '12345' into the `MaskFormatter` in the previous example. Both inserts will result in the same String, '123-45__'. When `MaskFormatter` is processing the insert at character position 3 (the '-'), two things can happen:

  1. If the inserted character is '-', it is accepted.
  2. If the inserted character matches the mask for the next non-literal character, it is accepted at the new location.
  3. Anything else results in an invalid edit

  By default `MaskFormatter` will not allow invalid edits, you can change this with the `setAllowsInvalid` method, and will commit edits on valid edits (use the `setCommitsOnValidEdit` to change this).

  By default, `MaskFormatter` is in overwrite mode. That is as characters are typed a new character is not inserted, rather the character at the current location is replaced with the newly typed character. You can change this behavior by way of the method `setOverwriteMode`.

  Warning: Serialized objects of this class will not be compatible with future Swing releases. The current serialization support is appropriate for short term storage or RMI between applications running the same version of Swing. As of 1.4, support for long term storage of all JavaBeans™ has been added to the `java.beans` package. Please see `XMLEncoder`.

  Since:
    1.4

- - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `MaskFormatter()` Creates a MaskFormatter with no mask.
    `MaskFormatter(String mask)` Creates a `MaskFormatter` with the specified mask.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `String` | `getInvalidCharacters()` Returns the characters that are not valid for input.
    `String` | `getMask()` Returns the formatting mask.
    `String` | `getPlaceholder()` Returns the String to use if the value does not completely fill in the mask.
    `char` | `getPlaceholderCharacter()` Returns the character to use in place of characters that are not present in the value, ie the user must fill them in.
    `String` | `getValidCharacters()` Returns the valid characters that can be input.
    `boolean` | `getValueContainsLiteralCharacters()` Returns true if `stringToValue` should return literal characters in the mask.
    `void` | `install(JFormattedTextField ftf)` Installs the `DefaultFormatter` onto a particular `JFormattedTextField`.
    `void` | `setInvalidCharacters(String invalidCharacters)` Allows for further restricting of the characters that can be input.
    `void` | `setMask(String mask)` Sets the mask dictating the legal characters.
    `void` | `setPlaceholder(String placeholder)` Sets the string to use if the value does not completely fill in the mask.
    `void` | `setPlaceholderCharacter(char placeholder)` Sets the character to use in place of characters that are not present in the value, ie the user must fill them in.
    `void` | `setValidCharacters(String validCharacters)` Allows for further restricting of the characters that can be input.
    `void` | `setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean containsLiteralChars)` If true, the returned value and set value will also contain the literal characters in mask.
    `Object` | `stringToValue(String value)` Parses the text, returning the appropriate Object representation of the String `value`.
    `String` | `valueToString(Object value)` Returns a String representation of the Object `value` based on the mask.

    - ### Methods inherited from class javax.swing.text.DefaultFormatter

      `clone, getAllowsInvalid, getCommitsOnValidEdit, getDocumentFilter, getNavigationFilter, getOverwriteMode, getValueClass, setAllowsInvalid, setCommitsOnValidEdit, setOverwriteMode, setValueClass`

    - ### Methods inherited from class javax.swing.JFormattedTextField.AbstractFormatter

      `getActions, getFormattedTextField, invalidEdit, setEditValid, uninstall`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### MaskFormatter

          public MaskFormatter()

      Creates a MaskFormatter with no mask.

    - #### MaskFormatter

          public MaskFormatter(String mask)
                        throws ParseException

      Creates a `MaskFormatter` with the specified mask. A `ParseException` will be thrown if `mask` is an invalid mask.
      Throws:
        `ParseException` - if mask does not contain valid mask characters

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### setMask

          public void setMask(String mask)
                       throws ParseException

      Sets the mask dictating the legal characters. This will throw a `ParseException` if `mask` is not valid.
      Throws:
        `ParseException` - if mask does not contain valid mask characters

    - #### getMask

          public String getMask()

      Returns the formatting mask.
      Returns:
        Mask dictating legal character values.

    - #### setValidCharacters

          public void setValidCharacters(String validCharacters)

      Allows for further restricting of the characters that can be input. Only characters specified in the mask, not in the `invalidCharacters`, and in `validCharacters` will be allowed to be input. Passing in null (the default) implies the valid characters are only bound by the mask and the invalid characters.
      Parameters:
        `validCharacters` - If non-null, specifies legal characters.

    - #### getValidCharacters

          public String getValidCharacters()

      Returns the valid characters that can be input.
      Returns:
        Legal characters

    - #### setInvalidCharacters

          public void setInvalidCharacters(String invalidCharacters)

      Allows for further restricting of the characters that can be input. Only characters specified in the mask, not in the `invalidCharacters`, and in `validCharacters` will be allowed to be input. Passing in null (the default) implies the valid characters are only bound by the mask and the valid characters.
      Parameters:
        `invalidCharacters` - If non-null, specifies illegal characters.

    - #### getInvalidCharacters

          public String getInvalidCharacters()

      Returns the characters that are not valid for input.
      Returns:
        illegal characters.

    - #### setPlaceholder

          public void setPlaceholder(String placeholder)

      Sets the string to use if the value does not completely fill in the mask. A null value implies the placeholder char should be used.
      Parameters:
        `placeholder` - String used when formatting if the value does not completely fill the mask

    - #### getPlaceholder

          public String getPlaceholder()

      Returns the String to use if the value does not completely fill in the mask.
      Returns:
        String used when formatting if the value does not completely fill the mask

    - #### setPlaceholderCharacter

          public void setPlaceholderCharacter(char placeholder)

      Sets the character to use in place of characters that are not present in the value, ie the user must fill them in. The default value is a space.

      This is only applicable if the placeholder string has not been specified, or does not completely fill in the mask.

      Parameters:
        `placeholder` - Character used when formatting if the value does not completely fill the mask

    - #### getPlaceholderCharacter

          public char getPlaceholderCharacter()

      Returns the character to use in place of characters that are not present in the value, ie the user must fill them in.
      Returns:
        Character used when formatting if the value does not completely fill the mask

    - #### setValueContainsLiteralCharacters

          public void setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean containsLiteralChars)

      If true, the returned value and set value will also contain the literal characters in mask.

      For example, if the mask is `'(###) ###-####'`, the current value is `'(415) 555-1212'`, and `valueContainsLiteralCharacters` is true `stringToValue` will return `'(415) 555-1212'`. On the other hand, if `valueContainsLiteralCharacters` is false, `stringToValue` will return `'4155551212'`.

      Parameters:
        `containsLiteralChars` - Used to indicate if literal characters in mask should be returned in stringToValue

    - #### getValueContainsLiteralCharacters

          public boolean getValueContainsLiteralCharacters()

      Returns true if `stringToValue` should return literal characters in the mask.
      Returns:
        True if literal characters in mask should be returned in stringToValue

    - #### stringToValue

          public Object stringToValue(String value)
                               throws ParseException

      Parses the text, returning the appropriate Object representation of the String `value`. This strips the literal characters as necessary and invokes supers `stringToValue`, so that if you have specified a value class (`setValueClass`) an instance of it will be created. This will throw a `ParseException` if the value does not match the current mask. Refer to `setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean)` for details on how literals are treated.
      Overrides:
        `stringToValue` in class `DefaultFormatter`
      Parameters:
        `value` - String to convert
      Returns:
        Object representation of text
      Throws:
        `ParseException` - if there is an error in the conversion
      See Also:
        `setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean)`

    - #### valueToString

          public String valueToString(Object value)
                               throws ParseException

      Returns a String representation of the Object `value` based on the mask. Refer to `setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean)` for details on how literals are treated.
      Overrides:
        `valueToString` in class `DefaultFormatter`
      Parameters:
        `value` - Value to convert
      Returns:
        String representation of value
      Throws:
        `ParseException` - if there is an error in the conversion
      See Also:
        `setValueContainsLiteralCharacters(boolean)`

    - #### install

          public void install(JFormattedTextField ftf)

      Installs the `DefaultFormatter` onto a particular `JFormattedTextField`. This will invoke `valueToString` to convert the current value from the `JFormattedTextField` to a String. This will then install the `Action`s from `getActions`, the `DocumentFilter` returned from `getDocumentFilter` and the `NavigationFilter` returned from `getNavigationFilter` onto the `JFormattedTextField`.

      Subclasses will typically only need to override this if they wish to install additional listeners on the `JFormattedTextField`.

      If there is a `ParseException` in converting the current value to a String, this will set the text to an empty String, and mark the `JFormattedTextField` as being in an invalid state.

      While this is a public method, this is typically only useful for subclassers of `JFormattedTextField`. `JFormattedTextField` will invoke this method at the appropriate times when the value changes, or its internal state changes.

      Overrides:
        `install` in class `DefaultFormatter`
      Parameters:
        `ftf` - JFormattedTextField to format for, may be null indicating uninstall from current JFormattedTextField.

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