\_sh v3.0  400  Rotokas Text

\id Why dogs don't talk
\au Robert G. Ure

\ref Paragraph 1
\t Gaurai raga oisoa    toupareve                           vegoaro.
\m Gaurai raga oisoa    tou -pa       -re         -ve       vego   -aro
\g name   only always   be  -PROG     -3.SG.M     -SUB      jungle -POSS
\p N.PN   ADV  ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.N    -SUFF.N.5
\f Gaurai em wanpela i save stap long bus.
\fe Gaurai lived alone in the bush.

\ref 2
\t Vaiterei       kaakau vaio    rera           vaitereiaro              taporo       oisoa    toupareve.
\m vaiterei       kaakau vaio    rera           vaiterei       -aro      taporo       oisoa    tou -pa       -re         -ve
\g PRO.PER.2.DL.M dog    DL.ANIM PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS     conceal talk always   be  -PROG     -3.SG.M     -SUB
\p PRO.PER        N.F    FFP     PRO.PER        PRO.PER        -SUFF.N.5 V.B          ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5
\f Em i save stap wantaim long tupela dok bilong em.
\fe He lived with his two dogs.

\ref 3
\t Rera           raga oisoa    toupareve                           uva  viapau oisoa    rorupareve.
\m rera           raga oisoa    tou -pa       -re         -ve       uva  viapau oisoa    roru  -pa       -re         -ve
\g PRO.PER.3.SG.M only always   be  -PROG     -3.SG.M     -SUB      so   NEG    always   happy -PROG     -3.SG.M     -SUB
\p PRO.PER        ADV  ADV.TEMP V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 PART NEG    ADV.TEMP V.B   -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5
\f Em wanpela i save stap and em i no save hamamas.
\fe He was very lonely and unhappy.

\ref 4
\t Viapau irai                       oiratoavai                           ra   irai                       tapo orareoparo.
\m viapau ira            -i          oira           -to       -vai        ra   ira            -i          tapo ora-  reo  -pa       -ro
\g NEG    PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ABS        PRO.PER.3.SG.F -MASC.SG  -NABS       COMP PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ABS        also RR-   talk -PROG     -3.SG.M
\p NEG    PRO.REL        -SUFF.N.??? PRO.PER        -SUFF.N.2 -SUFF.N.??? COMP PRO.REL        -SUFF.N.??? POST SUFF- V.A  -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4
\f Nogat narapela man long toktok wantaim.
\fe He had no one to talk to.

\ref Paragraph 5
\t Ovokivuia                      Gaurai avaroepa                    vegoarore                   aue  ousia         guruvara           auere     ruvarua  purasia.
\m o-     voki -vu       -ia      Gaurai ava -ro         -epa        vegoa  -ro         -re      aue  ou  -sia      guruva -ra         auere     ruvarua  pura -sia
\g SPEC-  day  -ALT      -LOC     name   go  -3.SG.M     -RP         jungle -PL         -ALL     CONN get -DEP.PURP leaf   -PL         in order  medicine make -DEP.PURP
\p PRE.N- N.N  -SUFF.N.4 -ENC.N.6 N.PN   V.A -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N    -SUFF.N.??? -ENC.N.6 CONN V.B -SUFF.V.4 N.N    -SUFF.N.??? PART.CONJ N.N      V.B  -SUFF.V.4
\f Wanpela dei Gaurai bin go long bus na kisim lip bilong wokim marasin.
\fe One day, Gaurai went to the bush to get some magic leaves.

\ref 6
\t Ruipaparoepa                            oisio ra   guruvara         vatereve                   rera           vaitereiaropa                     kaakau vaio.
\m ruipa -pa       -ro         -epa        oisio ra   guruva -ra       vate -re         -ve       rera           vaiterei       -aro      -pa      kaakau vaio
\g want  -PROG     -3.SG.M     -RP         like  COMP leaf   -PL       give -3.SG.M     -SUB      PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS     -BEN     dog    DL.ANIM
\p V.A   -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 COMP  COMP N.N    -SUFF.N.1 V.B  -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.5 PRO.PER        PRO.PER        -SUFF.N.5 -ENC.N.6 N.F    FFP
\f Em i bin laik givim lip long ol dok bilong em.
\fe He wanted to give the leaves to his dogs.

\ref Paragraph 7
\t Gaurai guruvara           goagoarapiereva                     uva  vara           vatereva                     kaakau vaiopa           uva  vara           aiosiva.
\m Gaurai guruva -ra         goagoarapie -re         -va         uva  vara           vate -re         -va         kaakau vaio    -pa      uva  vara           aio -si       -va
\g name   leaf   -PL         make boil   -3.SG.M     -RP         so   PRO.PER.3.PL.F give -3.SG.M     -RP         dog    DL.ANIM -BEN     so   PRO.PER.3.PL.F eat -3.DL.M   -RP
\p N.PN   N.N    -SUFF.N.??? V.B         -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART PRO.PER        V.B  -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 N.F    FFP     -ENC.N.6 PART PRO.PER        V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\f Gaurai i bin boilim ol lip na givim ol long dok bilong em na ol i kaikaiim.
\fe Gaurai boiled the leaves and gave them to the dogs to eat.

\ref 8
\t Oa             iava kaakau vaio    rovosiepa              reoreopaoro                 uvare     guruvara           aiosiva.
\m oa             iava kaakau vaio    rovosi     -epa        reoreo  -pa       -oro      uvare     guruva -ra         aio -si       -va
\g PRO.REL.3.SG.N ABL  dog    DL.ANIM sufficient -RP         discuss -PROG     -DEP.SIM  because   leaf   -PL         eat -3.DL.M   -RP
\p PRO.REL        POST N.F    FFP     V.A        -SUFF.V.A.5 V.A     -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 PART.CONJ N.N    -SUFF.N.??? V.B -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\f Ol dok i bin stat long toktok bihain long ol i bin kaikaiim ol lip.
\fe The dogs began to talk after eating all the leaves.

\ref 9
\t Gaurai rorureva                      uvare     oisio vaitereo          tapo orareoparavere                             kaakau vaio.
\m Gaurai roru  -re         -va         uvare     oisio vaitereo          tapo ora-  reo  -pa       -ra         -vere     kaakau vaio
\g name   happy -3.SG.M     -RP         because   like  PRO.DEM.PROX.DL.M also RR-   talk -PROG     -1.SG       -NF       dog    DL.ANIM
\p N.PN   V.B   -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ COMP  PRO.DEM           POST SUFF- V.A  -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.F    FFP
\f Gaurai i bin hamamas nau bikos em i bin inap long toktok wantaim ol dok bilong em.
\fe Gauarai was now happy because he could talk with his dogs.

\ref Paragraph 10
\t Ovokivuia                      avukato    oisio puraroepa                    rera           vaitereiarore                     kaakau vaio,
\m o-     voki -vu       -ia      avukato    oisio pura -ro         -epa        rera           vaiterei       -aro      -re      kaakau vaio
\g SPEC-  day  -ALT      -LOC     old person like  say  -3.SG.M     -RP         PRO.PER.3.SG.M PRO.PER.2.DL.M -POSS     -ALL     dog    DL.ANIM
\p PRE.N- N.N  -SUFF.N.4 -ENC.N.6 N.N2       COMP  V.A  -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 PRO.PER        PRO.PER        -SUFF.N.5 -ENC.N.6 N.F    FFP
\f Wanpela dei dispela lapun man i bin tokim ol dok bilong em olsem, 
\fe One day, the old man said to his dogs, 

\ref Paragraph 10.5
\t ``Toupasivere                     kepa  tokipaoro                      vigei            vaaro''.
\m tou -pa       -si       -vere     kepa  toki       -pa       -oro      vigei            va             -aro
\g be  -PROG     -3.DL.M   -NF       house look.after -PROG     -DEP.SIM  PRO.PER.1.PL.INC PRO.PER.3.SG.N -POSS
\p V.B -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.5 N.N   V.B        -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 PRO.PER          PRO.PER        -SUFF.N.5
\f ``Mobeta bai yupela i lukautim haus bilong yumi.''
\fe ``Please look after our house.

\ref 11
\t Ragai        avaparai                              voroosia.''
\m ragai        ava -pa       -ra         -ei         voroo -sia
\g PRO.PER.1.SG go  -PROG     -1.SG       -PRES       hunt  -DEP.PURP
\p PRO.PER      V.A -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.B   -SUFF.V.4
\f Bai mi go lukaut pik.''
\fe I will go hunting.''

\ref 12
\t Kaakau vaio    viapau rorupasiva                            osa       tosivai          ita      kepa  tokipaoro.
\m kaakau vaio    viapau roru  -pa       -si       -va         osia      tosi -vai        ita      kepa  toki       -pa       -oro
\g dog    DL.ANIM NEG    happy -PROG     -3.DL.M   -RP         as        cut  -NABS       again    house look.after -PROG     -DEP.SIM
\p N.F    FFP     NEG    V.B   -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ V.B  -SUFF.N.??? ADV.TEMP N.N   V.B        -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4
\nt What's the story with 'tosivai'?
\f Tupela dok i bin sori tasol ol i bin stap bek na lukautim haus.
\fe The two dogs were sad but they stayed back to look after the house.

\ref Paragraph 13
\t Oire oeavu                oirara urioaepa                     kepa  iare.
\m oire oea        -vu       oirara urio -a          -epa        kepa  iare
\g okay PRO.3.PL.M -ALT      people come -3.PL       -RP         house towards
\p EXCL PRO.PER    -SUFF.N.4 N.N.PL V.A  -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N   POST
\f Bihain nau sampela man i bin kamap long haus.
\fe Then some men came to the house.

\ref 14
\t Igeia                     voroopairara         vavo  uruio               iava.
\m igei              -a      voroo -pa    -irara  vavo  urui    -o          iava
\g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL -???    hunt  -DERIV -PL     there village -???        ABL
\p PRO.PER           -SUFF.N V.B   -SUFF  -SUFF.N LOC   N.N     -SUFF.N.??? POST
\f Mipela ol man bilong lukaut pik bilong narapela ples.
\fe ``We are hunters from the next village.

\ref 15
\t Igei              uuko  regapaiei.
\m igei              uuko  rega       -pa       -i         -ei
\g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL water thirst for -PROG     -1.PL.EXCL -PRES
\p PRO.PER           N.N   V.A        -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4  -SUFF.V.A.5
\f Mipela i nek drai.
\fe We are thirsty.

\ref 16
\t Igei              uukaio ruipapaiei.
\m igei              uukaio ruipa -pa       -i         -ei
\g PRO.PER.1.PL.EXCL drink  want  -PROG     -1.PL.EXCL -PRES
\p PRO.PER           V.A    V.A   -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4  -SUFF.V.A.5
\f Mipela i laik dring wara.
\fe We want to drink some water.''

\ref Paragraphs 17
\t ``Viapau, teapi     koatapata                 kepa  sovaraia,"       osia      purasiepa                  kaakau vaio.
\m viapau    teapi     koata -pa       -ta       kepa  siovara -ia      osia      pura -si       -epa        kaakau vaio
\g NEG       lest      enter -PROG     -2.PL     house inside  -LOC     as        make -3.DL.M   -RP         dog    DL.ANIM
\p NEG       PART.APPR V.A   -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 N.N   N.LOC   -ENC.N.6 PART.CONJ V.B  -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.F    FFP
\f ``Nogat, yupela i no ken go insait long haus,'' ol dok i bin singaut.
\fe ``No, don't go inside the house,'' the dogs shouted.

\ref 18
\t ``Vegei           visii        vatepave                 aue  uuko.''
\m vegei             visii        vate -pa       -ve       aue  uuko
\g PRO.PER.1.DL.EXCL PRO.PER.2.PL give -PROG     -1.DL     CONN water
\p PRO.PER           PRO.PER      V.B  -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 CONN N.N
\f ``Bai mipela givim yupela wara.''
\fe ``We will give you some water.''

\ref Paragraph 19
\t Osia      viapau reo  uvuaepa                      oirara.
\m osia      viapau reo  uvu  -a          -epa        oirara
\g as        NEG    talk hear -3.PL       -RP         people
\p PART.CONJ NEG    V.A  V.B  -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N.PL
\f Tasol ol man i no bin harim tok.
\fe But the men didn't listen.

\ref 20
\t ``Avata,      visii        vuriirara    kaakau kare,'' osia      puraaepa.
\m ava -ta       visii        vuri -irara  kaakau kare    osia      pura -a          -epa
\g go  -2.PL     PRO.PER.2.PL bad  -PL     dog    animals as        say  -3.PL       -RP
\p V.A -SUFF.V.4 PRO.PER      V.A  -SUFF.N N.F    FFP     PART.CONJ V.A  -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5
\f ``Yupela i go, ol rabis dok,'' ol i bin singaut.
\fe ``Go away, you silly dogs,'' they shouted.

\ref 21
\t Oirara vurukoara    ouiva                       uva  kaakau vaio    gisipoaro        ragipaiva                              uva  tuvuusiepa.
\m oirara vuruko -ara  ou  -i          -va         uva  kaakau vaio    gisipo -aro      ragi -pa       -i          -va         uva  tuvu -u -si -epa
\g people log    -PL   get -3.PL       -RP         so   dog    DL.ANIM mouth  -POSS     beat -PROG     -3.PL       -RP         so
\p N.N.PL N.???  -SUFF V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART N.F    FFP     N.F    -SUFF.N.5 V.B  -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART
\nt What's the story with 'tuvuusiepa'?
\f Ol man i bin kisim stik na paitim ol dok inap maus bilong ol i bin solap.
\fe The men got sticks and hit the dogs until their mouths were swollen.

\ref Paragraph 22
\t Oirara koataiepa                     kepa  sovaraia         uva  oara           rutu ouiva                       gaurai                      vaararo           uva  varava                  toriiva.
\m oirara koata -i          -epa        kepa  siovara -ia      uva  oara           rutu ou  -i          -va         gau -ra         -ei         vaara -ro         uva  vara           -va      tori     -i          -va
\g people enter -3.PL       -RP         house inside  -LOC     so   PRO.REL.3.PL.N very get -3.PL       -RP         cry -1.SG       -PRES       cured -PL         so   PRO.PER.3.PL.F -ABL     run away -3.PL       -RP
\p N.N.PL V.A   -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N   N.LOC   -ENC.N.6 PART PRO.REL        ADV  V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 V.B -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.??? -SUFF.N.??? PART PRO.PER        -ENC.N.6 V.B      -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\nt Check all intransitive stems ending with 'i' in the third person plural. What happens to vowel length?
\f Ol man i go insait long hause na kisim olgeta samting bilong Gaurai na ranawe wantaim.
\fe The men went into the house and took all of Gaurai's belongings and went away.

\ref Paragraph 23
\t Kaakau vaio    rirovira siraosiepa.
\m kaakau vaio    rirovira sirao -si       -epa
\g dog    DL.ANIM big-time pity  -3.DL.M   -RP
\p N.F    FFP     ADV      V.A   -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5
\f Ol dok i bin sori tru.
\fe The dogs were very sad.

\ref 24
\t Garevisivi oravirupaoro                     avasiepa                  reeta  iare    kepaia.
\m garevisivi oraviru      -pa       -oro      ava -si       -epa        reeta  iare    kepa  -ia
\g carefully  shift itself -PROG     -DEP.SIM  go  -3.DL.M   -RP         ladder towards house -LOC
\p ???        V.A.REFL     -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 V.A -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.N    POST    N.N   -ENC.N.6
\f Ol i bin go isiisi na slip klostu long ol step bilong haus.
\fe They crept away and slept near the step of the house.

\ref Paragraph 25
\t Vokiarovi kareroepa                      Gaurai voroopa      tapiva.
\m vokiarovi kare   -ro         -epa        Gaurai voroo -pa    tapi  -va
\g afternoon return -3.SG.M     -RP         name   hunt  -DERIV place -ABL
\p TIME      V.A    -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.PN   V.B   -SUFF  N.N   -ENC.N.6
\f Long apinun Gaurai i bin kam bek long painim pik.
\fe In the afternoon Gaurai arrived back from hunting.

\ref 26
\t Uva  kaakau vaio    kekereva                     tuuvuuarava             kagaveia          ora       gisipoaraia.
\m uva  kaakau vaio    keke -re         -va         tuuvuu   -ara  -va      kagave   -ia      ora       gisipo -ara  -ia
\g so   dog    DL.ANIM look -3.SG.M     -RP         swelling -PL   -ABL     forehead -LOC     and       mouth  -PL   -LOC
\p PART N.F    FFP     V.B  -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 N.N      -SUFF -ENC.N.6 N.F      -ENC.N.6 PART.CONJ N.F    -SUFF -ENC.N.6
\f Em i bin lukim ol dok wantaim ol maus na pes bilong ol i solap.
\fe He saw the dogs with swollen faces and mouths.

\ref 27
\t ``Eake kareke?'' osia      akereva.
\m eake   kareke    osia      ake -re         -va
\g what   appear    as        ask -3.SG.M     -RP
\p INTER  V.A       PART.CONJ V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\f ``Wanem samting i bin kamap?'' em i bin askim ol.
\fe ``What happened?'' he asked.

\ref 28
\t Viapau kaakau vaio    oreovuavuvai                                        purasiva.
\m viapau kaakau vaio    o-     reo  -vu       -a      -vu       -vai        pura -si       -va
\g NEG    dog    DL.ANIM SPEC-  talk -ALT      -???    -ALT      -NABS       make -3.DL.M   -RP
\p NEG    N.F    FFP     PRE.N- V.A  -SUFF.N.4 -SUFF.N -SUFF.N.4 -SUFF.N.??? V.B  -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\f Tasol ol dok i no bin tokim wanpela samting.
\fe But the dogs would not say anything.

\ref 29
\t Aiterea         rirovira upiapasiepa.
\m aiterei -a      rirovira upia    -pa       -si       -epa
\g 3.DL.M  -???    big-time in pain -PROG     -3.DL.M   -RP
\p PRO.PER -SUFF.N ADV      V.A     -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5
\f Ol i bin gat bikpela pen.
\fe They were in pain.

\ref Paragraph 30
\t Viapau uvuiparoi                                 Gaurai ra   variia                     tarairo                oa             karekepa           kaakau vaioia.
\m viapau uvui    -pa       -ro         -ei         Gaurai ra   vari              -ia      tarai      -ro         oa             kareke -epa        kaakau vaio    -ia
\g NEG    be.able -PROG     -3.SG.M     -PRES       name   COMP PRO.DEM.DIST.SG.N -LOC     understand -3.SG.M     PRO.REL.3.SG.N appear -RP         dog    DL.ANIM -LOC
\p NEG    V.A     -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 N.PN   COMP PRO.DEM           -ENC.N.6 V.A        -SUFF.V.A.4 PRO.REL        V.A    -SUFF.V.A.5 N.F    FFP     -ENC.N.6
\f Gaurai i no inap painim wanem samting i bin kamap long ol dok.
\fe Gaurai never found out what happened to the dogs.

\ref 31
\t Osia      taraiparoepa                                 oisio iravu                    kaakau vaio    uporevo                     ora       auero rutu kavirurevo.
\m osia      tarai      -pa       -ro         -epa        oisio ira            -vu       kaakau vaio    upo -re         -vo         ora       auero rutu kaviru -re         -vo
\g as        understand -PROG     -3.SG.M     -RP         like  PRO.REL.3.SG.M -ALT      dog    DL.ANIM hit -3.SG.M     -IP         and       these very steal  -3.SG.M     -IP
\p PART.CONJ V.A        -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.A.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 COMP  PRO.REL        -SUFF.N.4 N.F    FFP     V.B -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5 PART.CONJ N.N   ADV  V.B    -SUFF.V.B.4 -SUFF.V.B.5
\f Tasol em i bin save olsem sampela man i bin paitim ol dok bilong em na stilim olgeta samting bilong em.
\fe But he knew someone had beaten his dogs and stolen his belongings.

\ref 32
\t Evo       vuuta iava eaka    ovoisiepa                    reoreopaarapa.
\m evo       vuuta iava eaka    ovoi   -si       -epa        reoreo   -pa       -arapa
\g PRO.DEM.N time  ABL  give.up finish -3.DL.M   -RP         converse -PROG     -DEP.DIS
\p PRO.DEM   N.N   POST V.B     V.A    -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 V.A      -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4
\f Long dispela taim, ol dok i bin pinis long toktok.
\fe Since then, all dogs have stopped talking.

\ref 33
\t Reoreo   ruiparagapasiepa                             osia      gisiporirei      riro vavatapaereiepa.
\m reoreo   ruipa - raga -pa       -si       -epa        osia      gisipo -rirei    riro vavata -pa       -ere      -i     -epa
\g converse want  - only -PROG     -3.DL.M   -RP         as        mouth  -FEM.DL   very heavy  -PROG     -3.DL.F   -EPEN  -RP
\p V.A      V.A   - ADV  -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -SUFF.V.A.5 PART.CONJ N.F    -SUFF.N.1 ADV  V.A    -SUFF.V.3 -SUFF.V.4 -INFIX -SUFF.V.A.5
\f Ol i bin laik toktok, tasol maus bilong ol i bin hevi.
\fe They wanted to talk, but their mouths were heavy.
