PHP - ArchWiki

# PHP

PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML.

## Installation

Install the php package from the official repositories.

Note that to run PHP scripts as plain CGI, you need the php-cgi package.

## Running

While PHP can be run standalone, it is typically used with http servers such as Apache HTTP Server, nginx, lighttpd and Hiawatha.

To run PHP standalone issue the `php -S localhost:8000 -t public_html/` command. See documentation.

## Configuration

The main PHP configuration file is well-documented and located at `/etc/php/php.ini`.

- It is recommended to set your timezone (list of timezones) in `/etc/php/php.ini` like so:

    date.timezone = Europe/Berlin

- If you want to display errors to debug your PHP code, change `display_errors` to `On` in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    display_errors=On

Tip: Prior to 22 November 2015, php-composer kept its settings in a separate file in `/usr/share/php-composer/php.ini`

- The open_basedir directive limits the paths that can be accessed by PHP, thus increasing security at the expense of potentially interfering with normal program execution. Starting with PHP 7.0, it is no longer set by default to more closely match upstream so users who wish to use it must configure it manually. Example:

    open_basedir = /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/usr/share/webapps/

## Extensions

A number of commonly used PHP extensions can also be found in the official repositories:

    $ pacman -Ss php-

Tip: Instead of editing `/etc/php/php.ini`, a extension may be enabled/configured in the `/etc/php/conf.d` directory instead (e.g. `/etc/php/conf.d/gd.ini`)

### gd

For php-gd uncomment the line in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=gd.so

### imagemagick

For imagemagick run `# pecl install imagick`. The pecl binary is included in the php-pearAUR package. Then add

    extension=imagick.so

to `/etc/php/php.ini`.

### pthreads

If you wish to have POSIX multi-threading you will need the pthreads extension. To install the pthreads (http://pecl.php.net/package/pthreads) extension using `pecl` you are required to use a compiled version of PHP with the the thread safety support flag `--enable-maintainer-zts`. Currently the most clean way to do this would be to rebuild the original package with the flag.

Instruction can be found on the PHP pthreads extension page.

### mcrypt

If you want the `mcrypt` module, install php-mcrypt and uncomment the line in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=mcrypt.so

### PCNTL

PCNTL allows you to create process directly into the server side machine. While this may seen as something you would want, it also gives the power to PHP to mess things up really bad. So it is a PHP extension that cannot be loaded like other more convenient extension. This is because of the great power it gives to PHP. To enable it (by default it is disabled) PCNTL has to be compiled into PHP.

### MySQL/MariaDB

Install and configure MySQL/MariaDB as described in MariaDB.

Uncomment the following lines in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=pdo_mysql.so
    extension=mysqli.so

Warning: `mysql.so` was removed in PHP 7.0.

You can add minor privileged MySQL users for your web scripts. You might also want to edit `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` and uncomment the `skip-networking` line so the MySQL server is only accessible by the localhost. You have to restart MySQL for changes to take effect.

Tip: You may want to install a tool like phpMyAdmin, Adminer or mysql-workbench to work with your databases.

### PostgreSQL

Install and configure PostgreSQL, then install the php-pgsql package and uncomment the following lines in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=pdo_pgsql.so
    extension=pgsql.so

### Sqlite

Install and configure SQLite, then install the php-sqlite package and uncomment the following lines in `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=pdo_sqlite.so
    extension=sqlite3.so

### XDebug

XDebug allows you to easily debug php code using modified var_dump() function. Install xdebug and add the line at `/etc/php/php.ini`:

    extension=xdebug.so

## Caching

There are two kinds of caching in PHP: opcode/bytecode caching and userland/user data caching. Both allow for substantial gains in applications speed, and therefore should be enabled wherever possible.

- Zend OPCache provides only opcode caching.
- APCu provides only userland caching.

For optimal caching, you should enable both. To do this, follow both #OPCache and #APCu.

### OPCache

OPCache comes bundled with the standard PHP distribution, therefore to enable it you simply have to add or uncomment the following line in your PHP configuration file:

    /etc/php/php.ini

    zend_extension=opcache.so

A list of its options and suggested settings can be found in its official entry on the PHP website.

Warning: If you choose to apply the suggested settings its manual offers, be sure to read carefully the first comment below those instructions as well. In some configurations those settings result in errors such as `zend_mm_heap corrupted` being produced.

### APCu

APCu can be installed with the php-apcu package. You can then enable it by uncommenting the following line in `/etc/php/conf.d/apcu.ini`, or adding it to your PHP configuration file:

    extension=apcu.so

Its author recommends a few suggested settings, among which:

- `apc.enabled=1` and `apc.shm_size=32M` are not really required as they represent the default values;
- `apc.ttl=7200` on the other hand seems rather beneficial;
- finally, `apc.enable_cli=1`, which although not recommended by the manual may be required by some software such as ownCloud.

Tip: You can add those settings either to APCu's own `/etc/php/conf.d/apcu.ini` or directly to your PHP configuration file. Just make sure not to enable the extension twice as it will result in errors being diplayed in the system logs.

## Development tools

### Aptana Studio

Aptana Studio is an IDE for programming in PHP and web development. It can be installed with the aptana-studioAUR package. Does not have a PHP debugger as of version 3.2.2.

### Eclipse PDT

Eclipse PDT is the PHP variant of Eclipse. It can be installed with the eclipse-php package. See Eclipse for more information.

You would need other plugins for JavaScript support and DB query.

### Komodo

Komodo is an IDE with good integration for PHP+HTML+JavaScript. Komodo Edit is a free editor-only variant.

### Netbeans

NetBeans IDE is a complete IDE for many languages including PHP. Includes features like debugging, refactoring, code templating, autocomplete, XML features, and web design and development functionalities (very good CSS autocomplete functionality and PHP/JavaScript code notifications/tips). Install it with the netbeans package.

### PhpStorm

JetBrains PhpStorm is a commercial, cross-platform IDE for PHP built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA platform. It can be installed with the phpstormAUR package, or with phpstorm-eapAUR for the 30-day trial version. You can get a free license for education from Jetbrains.[1]

### Zend Studio

Zend Studio is the official PHP IDE, based on eclipse. The IDE has autocomplete, advanced code formatting, WYSIWYG html editor, refactoring, and all the eclipse features such as db access and version control integration and whatever you can get from other eclipse plugins. You can install it with the zendstudioAUR package.

## Commandline tools

### Box

Box is an application for building and managing Phars. It can be installed with the php-boxAUR package.

### Composer

Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. It can be installed with the php-composer package.

### PDepend

PHP Depend (pdepend) is software metrics tool for php. It can be installed with the pdependAUR package.

### PHP Coding Standards Fixer

PHP Coding Standards Fixer a is PSR-1 and PSR-2 Coding Standards fixer for your code. It can be installed with the php-cs-fixerAUR package.

### PHP-CodeSniffer

PHP CodeSniffer tokenizes PHP, JavaScript and CSS files and detects violations of a defined set of coding standards. It can be installed with the php-codesnifferAUR package.

### phpcov

phpcov is a command-line frontend for the PHP_CodeCoverage library. It can be installed with the phpcovAUR package.

### phpDox

phpDox is the documentation generator for PHP projects. This includes, but is not limited to, API documentation. It can be installed with the phpdoxAUR package.

### PHPLoc

PHPLoc is a tool for quickly measuring the size of a PHP project. It can be installed with the phplocAUR package.

### PhpMetrics

PhpMetrics provides various metrics about PHP projects. It can be installed with the phpmetricsAUR package.

### phptok

phptok is a tool for quickly dumping the tokens of a PHP sourcecode file. It can be installed with the phptokAUR package.

### PHPUnit

PHPUnit is a programmer-oriented testing framework for PHP. It can be installed with the phpunitAUR package.

### PHPUnit Skeleton Generator

PHPUnit Skeleton Generator is a tool that can generate skeleton test classes from production code classes and vice versa. It can be installed with the phpunit-skeleton-generatorAUR package.

## Troubleshooting

### PHP Fatal error: Class 'ZipArchive' not found

Ensure the zip extension is enabled.

    $ grep zip /etc/php/php.ini

    extension=zip.so

### /etc/php/php.ini not parsed

If your `php.ini` is not parsed, the ini file is named after the sapi it is using. For instance, if you are using uwsgi, the file would be called `/etc/php/php-uwsgi.ini`. If you are using cli, it is `/etc/php/php-cli.ini`.

### PHP Warning: PHP Startup: <module>: Unable to initialize module

When running `php`, this error indicates that the aforementioned module is out of date. This will rarely happen in Arch Linux, since maintainers make sure core PHP and all modules be only available in compatible versions.

This might happen in conjunction with a module compiled from the AUR. You usually could confirm this by looking at the dates of the files `/usr/lib/php/modules/`.

To fix, find a compatible update for your module, probably by looking up the AUR using its common name.

If it applies, flag the outdated AUR package as outdated.

## See also

- PHP Official Website

Category:

- Programming languages