awesome (한국어) - ArchWiki

# awesome (한국어)

awesome 웹사이트 인용:

"awesome은 설정하기 매우 자유로운 차세대 프레임워크 X용 윈도 관리자이다. 매우 빠르고 확장성이 뛰어나며 GNU GPLv2 라이선스에 따라 배포된다.

awesome은 상급 사용자, 개발자, 매일 컴퓨터 업무를 다루는 사람 및 그래픽 환경을 세밀하게 조정하기를 원하는 사람을 주요 대상으로 한다."

## 설치

공식 저장소에 있는 awesome을 설치하라.

안정화되지 않은 개발 중인 버전을 설치하려면 awesome-gitAUR을 설치하라. 단, 개발 중인 버전이라 매우 불안정하고 설정 구문도 다르다는 점을 유의하라.

## awesome 실행

### 로그인 관리자를 사용하지 않을 경우

`exec awesome`을 ~/.xinitrc와 같은 자신의 시작 스크립트에 추가하라.

logind (또는 consolekit) 세션과 같은 더 자세한 사항은 xinitrc를 보라.

로그인하지 않고 자신이 지정하는 사용자로 awesome을 시작할 수도 있다. Start X at login을 보라.

### With login manager

To start awesome from a login manager, see this article.

SLiM is a popular lightweight login manager and comes highly recommended. You should do like this:

Edit `/etc/slim.conf` for start awesome session, add awesome to sessions line. For example:

    sessions             awesome,wmii,xmonad

Edit ~/.xinitrc file

    DEFAULT_SESSION=awesome
    case $1 in
      awesome|wmii|xmonad) exec $1 ;;
      *) exec $DEFAULT_SESSION ;;
    esac

## Configuration

Awesome includes some good default settings right out of the box, but sooner or later you'll want to change something. The lua based configuration file is at `~/.config/awesome/rc.lua`.

### Creating the configuration file

First, run the following to create the directory needed in the next step:

    $ mkdir -p ~/.config/awesome/

Whenever compiled, awesome will attempt to use whatever custom settings are contained in ~/.config/awesome/rc.lua. This file is not created by default, so we must copy the template file first:

    $ cp /etc/xdg/awesome/rc.lua ~/.config/awesome/

The syntax of the configuration often changes when awesome updates. So, remember to repeate the command above when you get something strange with awesome, or you'd like to modify the configuration.

For more information about configuring awesome, check out the configuration page at awesome wiki

### More configuration resources

Note: The syntax of awesome configuration changes regularly, so you will likely have to modify any file you download.

Some good examples of rc.lua would be as follows:

- http://git.sysphere.org/awesome-configs/tree/ - Awesome 3.4 configurations from Adrian C. (anrxc)
- http://pastebin.com/f6e4b064e - Darthlukan's awesome 3.4 configuration.
- http://www.calmar.ws/dotfiles/dotfiledir/dot_awesomerc.lua
- http://www.ugolnik.info/downloads/awesome/rc.lua (screen) - Awesome 3 with small titlebar and statusbar.
- http://github.com/nblock/config/blob/master/.config/awesome/rc.lua
- https://github.com/setkeh/Awesome - Setkeh's 3.4 Configuration
- User Configuration Files http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/User_Configuration_Files

### Debug rc.lua using Xephyr

This is my prefered way to debug rc.lua, without breaking my current desktop. I first copy my rc.lua into a new file, rc.lua.new, and modify it as needed. Then, I run new instance of awesome in Xephyr (allows you to run X nested in another X's client window, supplying rc.lua.new as a config file like this:

    $ Xephyr :1 -ac -br -noreset -screen 1152x720 &
    $ DISPLAY=:1.0 awesome -c ~/.config/awesome/rc.lua.new

Big advantage of this approach is that if I break rc.lua.new, I do not break my current awesome desktop (and possibly crash all my X apps, lose all unsaved things and so on...). Once I'm happy with my new settings, I move rc.lua.new to rc.lua and restart awesome. And I can be sure it will work and restarting with new config won't mess up things.

As of July 2011, there is also awmttAUR which provides the above functionality and more.

## Themes

Beautiful is a lua library that allows you to theme awesome using an external file, it becomes very easy to dynamically change your whole awesome colours and wallpaper without changing your `rc.lua`.

The default theme is at `/usr/share/awesome/themes/default`. Copy it to `~/.config/awesome/themes/default` and change `theme_path` in `rc.lua`.

    beautiful.init(awful.util.getdir("config") .. "/themes/default/theme.lua")

More details here

A few sample themes

### Setting up your wallpaper

Beautiful can handle your wallpaper, thus you do not need to set it up in your `.xinitrc` or `.xsession` files. This allows you to have a specific wallpaper for each theme. If you take a look at the default theme file you'll see a wallpaper_cmd key, the given command is executed when `beautiful.init`("path_to_theme_file") is run. You can put here you own command or remove/comment the key if you do not want Beautiful to interfere with your wallpaper business.

For instance, if you use `awsetbg` to set your wallpaper, you can write in the `theme.lua` page that you just selected:

    wallpaper_cmd = { "awsetbg -f .config/awesome/themes/awesome-wallpaper.png" }

Note: For awsetbg to work you need to have a program that can manage desktop backgrounds installed. For example Feh.

#### Random Background Image

To rotate the wallpapers randomly, just comment the `wallpaper_cmd` line above, and add a script into your `.xinitrc` with the codes below:

    while true;
    do
      awsetbg -r <path/to/the/directory/of/your/wallpapers>
      sleep 15m
    done &

## Tips & Tricks

Feel free to add any tips or tricks that you would like to pass on to other awesome users.

### Use awesome as GNOME's window manager

GNOME has the advantage of being very "ready to use" and integrating. You can set up GNOME to use awesome as the visual interface, but have GNOME work in the background for your pleasure. If you are using GNOME 3, you can simply install the awesome-gnomeAUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror] package, then when logging in with GDM, choose the session type "Awesome GNOME". See the awesome wiki for details.

### Expose effect like compiz

Revelation brings up a view of all your open clients; left-clicking a client pops to the first tag that client is visible on and raises/focuses the client. In addition, the Enter key pops to the currently focused client, and Escape aborts.

http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/Revelation

### Hide / show wibox in awesome 3

To map Modkey-b to hide/show default statusbar on active screen (as default in awesome 2.3), add to your globalkeys in rc.lua:

    awful.key({ modkey }, "b", function ()
        mywibox[mouse.screen].visible = not mywibox[mouse.screen].visible
    end),

### Enable printscreens

To enable printscreens in awesome through the PrtScr button you need to have a screen capturing program. Scrot is a easy to use utility for this purpose and is available in Arch repositories.

Just type:

    # pacman -S scrot

and install optional dependencies if you feel that you need them.

Next of we need to get the key name for PrtScr, most often this is named "Print" but one can never be too sure.

Start up:

    # xev

And press the PrtScr button, the output should be something like:

     KeyPress event ....
         root 0x25c, subw 0x0, ...
         state 0x0, keycode 107 (keysym 0xff61, Print), same_screen YES,
         ....

In my case as you see, the keyname is Print.

Now to the configuration of awesome!

Somewhere in your globalkeys array (doesn't matter where) type:

Lua code:

     awful.key({ }, "Print", function () awful.util.spawn("scrot -e 'mv $f ~/screenshots/ 2>/dev/null'") end),

Also, this function saves screenshots inside ~/screenshots/, edit this to fit your needs.

### Dynamic tagging

Eminent is a small lua library that monkey-patches awful to provide you with effortless and quick wmii-style dynamic tagging. Unlike shifty, eminent does not aim to provide a comprehensive tagging system, but tries to make dynamic tagging as simple as possible. In fact, besides importing the eminent library, you do not have to change your rc.lua at all, eminent does all the work for you.

Shifty is an Awesome 3 extension that implements dynamic tagging. It also implements fine client matching configuration allowing YOU to be the master of YOUR desktop only by setting two simple config variables and some keybindings!

### Space Invaders

Space Invaders is a demo to show the possibilities of the Awesome Lua API.

Please note that it is no longer included in the Awesome package since the 3.4-rc1 release.

### Naughty for popup notification

See the awesome wiki page on naughty.

### Popup Menus

There's a simple menu by default in awesome3, and customed menus seem very easy now. However, if you're using 2.x awesome, have a look at awful.menu.

If you want a freedesktop.org menu, you could take a look at awesome-freedesktop .

An example for awesome3:

    myawesomemenu = {
       { "lock", "xscreensaver-command -activate" },
       { "manual", terminal .. " -e man awesome" },
       { "edit config", editor_cmd .. " " .. awful.util.getdir("config") .. "/rc.lua" },
       { "restart", awesome.restart },
       { "quit", awesome.quit }
    }

    mycommons = {
       { "pidgin", "pidgin" },
       { "OpenOffice", "soffice-dev" },
       { "Graphic", "gimp" }
    }

    mymainmenu = awful.menu.new({ items = {
                                            { "terminal", terminal },
                                            { "icecat", "icecat" },
                                            { "Editor", "gvim" },
                                            { "File Manager", "pcmanfm" },
                                            { "VirtualBox", "VirtualBox" },
                                            { "Common App", mycommons, beautiful.awesome_icon },
                                            { "awesome", myawesomemenu, beautiful.awesome_icon }
                                           }
                                 })

### More Widgets in awesome

Widgets in awesome are objects that you can add to any widget-box (statusbars and titlebars), they can provide various information about your system, and are useful for having access to this information, right from your window manager. Widgets are simple to use and offer a great deal of flexibility. -- Source Awesome Wiki: Widgets.

There's a widely used widget library called Wicked (compatible with awesome versions prior to 3.4), that provides more widgets, like MPD widget, CPU usage, memory usage, etc. For more details see the Wicked page.

As a replacement for Wicked in awesome v3.4 check Vicious, Obvious and Bashets. If you pick vicious, you should also take a good look at vicious documentation.

### Transparency

Awesome has support for true transparency through xcompmgr. Note that you'll probably want the git version of xcompmgr, which is available in AUR.

Add this to your ~/.xinitrc:

    xcompmgr &

See man xcompmgr or xcompmgr for more options.

In awesome 3.4, window transparency can be set dynamically using signals. For example, your rc.lua could contain the following:

    client.add_signal("focus", function(c)
                                  c.border_color = beautiful.border_focus
                                  c.opacity = 1
                               end)
    client.add_signal("unfocus", function(c)
                                    c.border_color = beautiful.border_normal
                                    c.opacity = 0.7
                                 end)

If you got error messages about add_signal, using connect_signal insteaded.

Note that if you are using conky, you must set it to create its own window instead of using the desktop. To do so, edit ~/.conkyrc to contain:

    own_window yes
    own_window_transparent yes
    own_window_type desktop

Otherwise strange behavior may be observed, such as all windows becoming fully transparent. Note also that since conky will be creating a transparent window on your desktop, any actions defined in awesome's rc.lua for the desktop will not work where conky is.

As of Awesome 3.1, there is built-in pseudo-transparency for wiboxes. To enable it, append 2 hexadecimal digits to the colors in your theme file (~/.config/awesome/themes/default, which is usually a copy of /usr/share/awesome/themes/default), like shown here:

    bg_normal = #000000AA

where "AA" is the transparency value.

To change transparency for the actual selected window by pressing Modkey + PageUp/PageDown you can also use tansset-df available through the community package repository and the following modification to your rc.lua:

    globalkeys = awful.util.table.join(
        -- your keybindings
        [...]
        awful.key({ modkey }, "Next", function (c)
            awful.util.spawn("transset-df --actual --inc 0.1")
        end),
        awful.key({ modkey }, "Prior", function (c)
            awful.util.spawn("transset-df --actual --dec 0.1")
        end),
        -- Your other key bindings
        [...]
    )

#### ImageMagick

You may have problems if you set your wallpaper with imagemagick's display command, it doesn't work well with xcompmgr. Please note that awsetbg may be using display if it doesn't have any other options. Installing habak, feh, hsetroot or whatever should fix the problem (grep -A 1 wpsetters /usr/bin/awsetbg to see your options).

### Autorun programs

See also the Autostart page on the Awesome wiki.

awesome doesn't run programs set to autostart by the Freedesktop specification like GNOME or KDE. However, awesome does provide a few functions for starting programs (in addition to the Lua standard library function `os.execute`). To run the same programs on startup as GNOME or KDE, you can install dex from the AUR and then run that in your rc.lua:

    os.execute"dex -a -e Awesome"

If you just want to set up a list of apps for awesome to launch at startup, you can create a table of all the commands you want to spawn and loop through it:

    do
      local cmds =
      {
        "swiftfox",
        "mutt",
        "consonance",
        "linux-fetion",
        "weechat-curses",
        --and so on...
      }

      for _,i in pairs(cmds) do
        awful.util.spawn(i)
      end
    end

(You could also run calls to `os.execute` with commands ending in '`&`', but it's probably a better idea to stick to the proper spawn function.)

To run a program only if it is not currently running, you can spawn it with a shell command that runs the program only if `pgrep` doesn't find a running process with the same name:

    function run_once(prg)
      awful.util.spawn_with_shell("pgrep -u $USER -x " .. prg .. " || (" .. prg .. ")")
    end

So, for example, to run `parcellite` only if there is not a `parcellite` process already running:

    run_once("parcellite")

### Passing content to widgets with awesome-client

You can easily send text to an awesome widget. Just create a new widget:

     mywidget = widget({ type = "textbox", name = "mywidget" })
     mywidget.text = "initial text"

To update the text from an external source, use awesome-client:

     echo -e 'mywidget.text = "new text"' | awesome-client

Don't forget to add the widget to your wibox.

### Using a different panel with awesome

If you like awesome's lightweightness and functionality but do not like the way its default panel looks, you can install a different panel. Just install xfce4-panel by issuing:

    sudo pacman -S xfce4-panel

Of course any other panel will do as well. Then add it to autorun section of your rc.lua (how to do that is written elsewhere on this wiki). You can also comment out the section which creates wiboxes for each screen (starting from "mywibox[s] = awful.wibox({ position = "top", screen = s })" ) but it isn't necessary. Any way do not forget to check your rc.lua for errors by typing

    awesome -k rc.lua

Also you should change your "modkey+R" keybinding, in order to start some other application launcher instead of built in awesome. Xfrun4, bashrun, etc. Check the Application launchers section of Openbox article for examples. Don't forget to add

          properties = { floating = true } },
        { rule = { instance = "$yourapplicationlauncher" },

to your rc.lua.

### Fix Java (GUI appears gray only)

Guide taken from [1].

1. Install wmname from community
2. Run the following command or add it to your `.xinitrc`:

       wmname LG3D

Note:

If you use a non-reparenting window manager and Java 6, you should uncomment the corresponding line in `/etc/profile.d/openjdk6.sh`

If you use a non-reparenting window manager and Java 7, you should uncomment the corresponding line in `/etc/profile.d/jre.sh`

### Prevent GNOME Files from displaying the desktop (GNOME 3)

Run dconf-editor. Navigate to org->gnome->desktop->background and uncheck "show-desktop-icons".

Another option is moving /usr/bin/nautilus to a new location and replacing it with a script that runs 'nautilus --no-desktop' passing any arguments it receives along.

    #!/bin/sh
    /usr/bin/nautilus-real --no-desktop $@

### Transitioning away from Gnome3

Run 'gnome-session-properties' and remove programs that you won't be needing anymore (e.g Bluetooth Manager, Login Sounds, etc).

If you'd like to get rid of GDM, make sure that your rc.conf DAEMONS list includes "dbus" (and "cupsd" if you have a printer). It's advisable to get a different login manager (like SLiM), but you can do things manually if you wish. That entails setting up your .xinitrc properly and installing something like devmon (AUR).

If you wan't to keep a few convenient systray applets and your GTK theme, append this to your rc.lua;

    function start_daemon(dae)
    	daeCheck = os.execute("ps -eF | grep -v grep | grep -w " .. dae)
    	if (daeCheck ~= 0) then
    		os.execute(dae .. " &")
    	end
    end

    procs = {"gnome-settings-daemon", "nm-applet", "kupfer", "gnome-sound-applet", "gnome-power-manager"}
    for k = 1, #procs do
    	start_daemon(procs[k])
    end

### Prevent the mouse scroll wheel from changing tags

In your rc.lua, change the Mouse Bindings section to the following;

    -- {{{ Mouse bindings
    root.buttons(awful.util.table.join(
        awful.button({ }, 3, function () mymainmenu:toggle() end)))
    -- }}}

## Troubleshooting

### LibreOffice

If you encounter UI problems with libreoffice install libreoffice-gnome.

### Mod4 key

The Mod4 is by default the Win key. If it's not mapped by default, for some reason, you can check the keycode of your Mod4 key with

    $ xev

It should be 115 for the left one. Then add this to your ~/.xinitrc

    xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = Super_L" -e "add mod4 = Super_L"
    exec awesome

The problem in this case is that some xorg installations recognize keycode 115, but incorrectly as the 'Select' key. The above command explictly remaps keycode 115 to the correct 'Super_L' key.

#### Mod4 key vs. IBM ThinkPad users

IBM ThinkPads do not come equipped with a Window key (although Lenovo have changed this tradition on their ThinkPads). As of writing, the Alt key is not used in command combinations by the default rc.lua (refer to the Awesome wiki for a table of commands), which allows it be used as a replacement for the Super/Mod4/Win key. To do this, edit your rc.lua and replace:

    modkey = "Mod4"

by:

    modkey = "Mod1"

Note: Awesome does a have a few commands that make use of Mod4 plus a single letter. Changing Mod4 to Mod1/Alt could cause overlaps for some key combinations. The small amount of instances where this happens can be changed in the rc.lua file.

If you do not like to change the awesome standards, you might like to remap a key. For instance the caps lock key is rather useless (for me) adding the following contents to ~/.Xmodmap

    clear lock
    add mod4 = Caps_Lock

and (re)load the file. This will change the caps lock key into the mod4 key and works nicely with the standard awesome settings. In addition, if needed, it provides the mod4 key to other X-programs as well.

Not confirmed, but if recent updates of xorg related packages break mentioned remapping the second line can be replaced by (tested on a DasKeyboard with no left Super key):

    keysym Caps_Lock = Super_L Caps_Lock

### Eclipse: cannot resize/move main window

If you get stuck and cannot move or resize the main window (using mod4 + left/right mouse button) edit the workbench.xml and set fullscreen/maximized to false (if set) and reduce the width and height to numbers smaller than your single screen desktop area.

Note: workbench.xml can be found in: <eclipse_workspace>/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.ui.workbench/ and the line to edit is <window height="xx" maximized="true" width="xx" x="xx" y="xx">.

### YouTube: fullscreen appears in background

[2] If YouTube videos appear underneath your web browser when in fullscreen mode, add this to your rc.lua

       { rule = { instance = "plugin-container" },
         properties = { floating = true } },

With Chromium add

       { rule = { instance = "exe" },
         properties = { floating = true } },

### Starting console clients on specific tags

It does not work when the console application is invoked from a GTK terminal (e.g. LXTerminal). URxvt is known to work.

### Redirecting console output to a file

Some GUI application are very verbose when launched from a terminal. As a consequence, when started from Awesome, they output everything to the TTY from where Awesome was started, which tend to get messy. To remove the garbage output, you have to redirect it. However, the `awful.util.spawn` function does not handle pipes and redirections very well as stated in the official FAQ.

As example, let's redirect Luakit output to a temporary file:

    awful.key({ modkey, }, "w", function () awful.util.spawn_with_shell("luakit 2>>/tmp/luakit.log") end),

## 바깥 고리

- http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/FAQ - FAQ
- http://www.lua.org/pil/ - Lua 프로그래밍(최초 판)
- http://awesome.naquadah.org/ - 공식 awesome 웹사이트
- http://awesome.naquadah.org/wiki/Main_Page - awesome 위키
- http://www.penguinsightings.org/desktop/awesome/ - 평가
- http://compsoc.tardis.ed.ac.uk/wiki/AwesomeWM_guide - awesome 안내
- https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=88926 - awesome 공유하기!

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